Mercado Municipal de Braga

Mercado Municipal de Braga

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37 Functional Principles - Braga City Market
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44 Triple Layer Structural System - Braga City Market
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56 Constructive Detail 2 - Braga City Market
57 Design to Production - Braga City Market
58 Light Variations Study - Braga City Market
59 Plaza Stand Types - Braga City Market
MMB 31 área cidade
MMB 32 área quarteirão
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MERCADO MUNICIPAL DE BRAGA

FICHA TÉCNICA

  • Data projeto: 2016 – 2017
  • Localização: Praça do Comércio, Braga
  • Tipologia: edifício público
  • Área de intervenção: 7 403 m²
  • Área de construção: 9 483 m²
  • Arquitetura: APTO Arquitectura
  • Design Generativo e Computacional Performativo: [ SPECTROOM ]
  • Especialidades: BO Associados
  • Fotografia: Fernando Guerra | FG + SG
  • Construtor: Costeira Engenharia
  • Data obra: 2019 – 2020
  • Estado: construído

DESCRIÇÃO

O foco desta intervenção foi reabilitar o Mercado Municipal da década de 50, preservar e valorizar a sua traça, ampliando-o com uma nova cobertura sobre a praça exterior e encerrando-a com uma nova Ala. A distribuição funcional foi reorganizada e foram adicionadas novas valências de forma a adaptar a estrutura aos dias de hoje.

A área de acesso ao público que se encontrava dispersa e fundida com áreas de serviço foi circunscrita à nova praça central. Isto permitiu que o utilizador passasse a navegar o espaço como um todo, exponenciando as relações vendedor/comprador. Todas as áreas de serviço foram também reorganizadas, segregando-as dos circuitos públicos, criando circuitos de sujos e limpos e atualizando as condições higiossanitárias. Foram também acrescentadas novas áreas funcionais, como cais de cargas e descargas, áreas de deposição e tratamento de lixos, central de produção de gelo, e salas de desmancha, cozinhas e fumeiros para os talhos, apetrechando simultaneamente os operadores com novas ferramentas de forma a otimizar o funcionamento deste equipamento.

A Ala principal do edifício original assumiu um caráter mais lúdico passando a área de restauração para catalisar a vivência do edifício e promover a sua atratividade cativando novos públicos.

A intervenção formal no edifício relaciona-se diretamente com as novas áreas e os novos fluxos funcionais. Na construção existente com três alas em forma de “U”, as alterações (compartimentação e fachadas) foram acumpunturais aproveitando as suas características originais e adaptando-as ao seu propósito sem prejudicar a sua leitura original, tendo todas as frentes de loja sido direcionadas para a praça central. Na praça central, que passa a ser o novo centro de interações, a intervenção foi mais profunda e impactante.

A praça original dividia-se em dois grandes espaços: largos corredores perimetrais sobrelevados e um núcleo central a uma cota inferior. A diferença de alturas entre eles originava genericamente uma disposição de bancas fragmentada, havendo a necessidade de abrigos individualizados que tornavam a perceção de todo o espaço confusa e caótica.

Assim, além do objetivo de alcançar um espaço uno, harmonioso e acolhedor, havia questões técnicas e funcionais a resolver. Gerado a partir da espinha dorsal que liga os dois acessos públicos, criou-se um sistema de rampas hierarquizado que resolve o desnível existente, abole barreiras à mobilidade e facilita as operações logísticas. A articular os corredores dispuseram-se em anfiteatro os vários núcleos de bancas em betão pré-fabricado.

Para o desenho da cobertura recorreu-se a um processo generativo de exploração formal que permitiu agilizar esta fase e a metodologias paramétricas para otimizar os seus elementos que conferiram assertividade a um processo que se pretendeu de pré-fabricação e assemblagem em obra. O recurso a algoritmos foi essencial na criação e contenção de escala da estrutura dinâmica da cobertura, recorrendo ao regular contour (madeiras), parametric truss (metal), e regular tesselation (vidro). A nível tectónico optou-se por uma estrutura em aço que suportasse o revestimento de vidro, bem como as vigas não estruturais de sombreamento e deflexão acústica em madeira, promovendo a sua geometria a circulação de ar por convecção.

DATASHEET

  • Project date: 2016 – 2017
  • Location: Praça do Comércio, Braga
  • Typology: public building
  • Lot area: 7 403 m²
  • Construction area: 9 483 m²
  • Architecture: APTO Arquitectura
  • Generative and performative computational design: SPECTROOM
  • Engeneering: BO Associados
  • Photography: Fernando Guerra | FG + SG
  • Contractor: Costeira Engenharia
  • Construction date: 2019 – 2020
  • Status: built

DESCRIPTION

The main goal of this intervention was to renew the existing 1956 city market, preserving its architectural legacy and expanding it with a roof and a new enclosed wing. All functional layouts were redesigned and new valences were added to help the building reach the demands of today’s standards.

The public areas, initially mixed and dispersed across the entire building, were reorganized and concentrated into the central square, where you can now see, read, and quickly reach any stand. This allows to easily experience the market as a whole and heightens the possibity of new connections between sellers and buyers. All the service-supporting areas were also reorganised and secluded from public routes, clean and dirty circuits were also kept apart, and new features were added to obtain more efficient operational processes and stricter sanitary conditions: the loading/unloading happens in one single area, a waste disposal process was created and prepared for posterior treatments, and specific sectors were complemented with technical areas, such as a cutting plant, smoke-house, preparation kitchen and a dedicated ice production unit.

A food and beverage court was added to promote the building’s livelihood and be a regular attraction.
The building’s form intervention directly relates to the new areas and flux layouts. In the pre-existing building, comprised by three wings in a “U” shape, interventions were minimized by adapting all spaces to the new functions, thus maintaining its original readability. Every storefront was turned away from the inside and towards the central square.
As the square became the new centre for all public interaction, its redesign was more profound, with a bigger impact.

The original open-air square was divided into two spaces: wide perimeter corridors and a smaller central lower square. The height difference between them originated an overall fragmented disposition of the stands, with a need for individual coverings, making it impossible to see beyond. This created a confusing and chaotic segmented perception of space.
To address these issues, we needed to unify the square while resolving the 3 meter height difference. We simplified the building into only two main entrances, united by a main ramp, redesigned and adapted the wide perimeter corridors slopes, eliminated most of the stairs and unified all ramps with smaller paths, limited by stall cores in between. All slopes were carefully thought to make them easy to use for disabled and elderly people.
Creating a canopy helped resolve the weather conditions while enclosing in a new wing.
The canopy design resorted to generative processes for the creation of the formal concept and performative methodologies in the optimization of its elements: regular contour (wood), parametric truss (steel) and regular tessellation (glass).

Algorithms were essential to create and control the dynamic structure to ensure the scale of the space remains balanced, as well as a greater aesthetic harmony, optimizing spatial comfort with the wood’s materiality. The system of trusses sustains the wood slats and the glass as the top layer, designed to control the light and define the rainwater drainage system.
The performative process was crucial to optimize and prepare all elements for production, contributing to a quicker, technically accurate and economically sustainable building.